I-HSS, i-High SpeedSteel, iwuhlobo lwamathuluzi engixhumana nawo kakhulu uma ngingena embonini yamathuluzi.Kamuva, safunda ukuthi insimbi yesivinini esikhulu esasiyisebenzisa ngaleso sikhathi kufanele ibizwe ngokuthi “insimbi yesivinini esivamile” futhi kunezindawo ezingcono kunayo, njengensimbi ye-aluminium enesivinini esikhulu, i-cobalt high speed steel, njll., okusobala ukuthi kukhona okukhona ophakeme kunawo ngokokwakheka kwengxubevange, noma insimbi eyimpushana enejubane elikhulu okusobala ukuthi iphakeme kunayo ngokwendlela yokuncibilikisa;Yiqiniso, kukhona okuthiwa "insimbi ephansi ye-alloy high-speed steel" ngokusebenza okuphansi.
Ithuluzi lensimbi elinesivinini esikhulu liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili eziyisisekelo:Enye i-carbide yensimbi (i-tungsten carbide, i-molybdenum carbide noma i-vanadium carbide), enikeza ithuluzi ukumelana nokugqoka okungcono;Eyesibili i-matrix yensimbi esabalaliswa nxazonke, okwenza ithuluzi libe nokuqina okungcono kanye nekhono lokumunca umthelela futhi livimbele ukuhlukana.
Kutholakala ukuthi usayizi wokusanhlamvu wensimbi enesivinini esikhulu unethonya elikhulu ezintweni zensimbi enesivinini esikhulu.Nakuba ukwandisa inani lezinhlayiya zensimbi ensimbi kungathuthukisa ukumelana nokugqokwa kwezinto, ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-alloy, usayizi we-carbide kanye nenani lama-agglomerate nawo azokhula, okuzoba nomthelela omubi kakhulu ekuqineni. yensimbi, ngoba amaqoqo amakhulu e-carbide angase abe indawo yokuqala yokuqhekeka.Ngakho-ke, amazwe angaphandle enze ucwaningo kusenesikhathi ukuze aphishekele okusanhlamvu okuhle kwensimbi enesivinini esikhulu.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960, inqubo yokukhiqiza insimbi eyimpushana enesivinini esikhulu yathuthukiswa ngempumelelo eSweden futhi yangena emakethe ekuqaleni kwawo-1970.Le nqubo ingangeza izakhi ze-alloy ensimbi enesivinini esikhulu ngaphandle kokulimaza amandla, ukuqina noma ukugaya kwezinto, ukuze ithuluzi elinobulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu, likwazi ukumunca umthelela wokusika, futhi lifanele ukucubungula izinga eliphezulu lokusika. futhi ukucutshungulwa kokusika ngezikhathi ezithile kungenziwa.Kodwa-ke, ihlanganisa ukuqina okuhle kwensimbi enesivinini esikhulu nokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu kwe-carbide enosimende.Ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa okuhle nokufana kwezinhlayiya ze-carbide ku-powder metallurgy yensimbi enesivinini esikhulu, amandla ayo kanye nokuqina kwayo kuba ngcono kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi evamile enesivinini esikhulu enokuqukethwe okufanayo kwe-carbide.Ngale nzuzo, i-powder metallurgy high-speed steel amathuluzi afaneleka kakhulu ezenzakalweni zomshini ezinomthelela omkhulu wokusika kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokususwa kwensimbi (njengokusika kwe-flexure, ukusika ngezikhathi ezithile, njll.).Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi amandla nokuqina kwe-powder metallurgy high-speed steel ngeke kuncishiswe ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-carbide yensimbi, abakhiqizi bensimbi bangangeza inani elikhulu lezakhi ze-alloy ensimbi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwezinto zamathuluzi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuthi izinsiza ze-tungsten (W) ziyizinsiza zamasu, futhi ama-carbides esimanje anosimende asebenzisa izinsiza ze-tungsten ngobuningi, insimbi enesivinini esiphezulu se-tungsten isiphenduke isiqondiso socwaningo lwensimbi olunesivinini esikhulu nokuthuthukiswa.Insimbi enesivinini esiphezulu equkethe i-cobalt (HSS-Co) yakhiwe ngenani elikhulu emazweni angaphandle.Kamuva, kwaqashelwa emhlabeni wonke ukuthi insimbi enesivinini esiphezulu equkethe i-cobalt ene-cobalt engaphezu kuka-2% yayiyinsimbi esebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu (HSSE).I-Cobalt nayo idlala indima esobala ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwensimbi enesivinini esikhulu.Ingakhuthaza ama-carbides ukuthi ancibilike kakhulu ku-matrix ngesikhathi sokucisha nokushisa, futhi isebenzise ubulukhuni be-matrix obuphezulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqokwa.Insimbi enesivinini esikhulu inobulukhuni obuhle, ubulukhuni bokushisa, ukumelana nokugqoka kanye nokugaya.Okuqukethwe kwe-cobalt yensimbi evamile ye-cobalt enesivinini esikhulu emhlabeni ngokuvamile ku-5% no-8%.Isibonelo, i-W2Mo9Cr4VCo8 (i-American brand M42) ibonakala ngokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-vanadium (1%), okuqukethwe kwe-cobalt ephezulu (8%) kanye nobulukhuni bokwelashwa kokushisa okungu-67-70HRC.Kodwa-ke, izindlela ezikhethekile zokwelapha ukushisa nazo ziyamukelwa ukuze kutholwe ubulukhuni be-67-68HRC, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo kokusika (ikakhulukazi ukusika ngezikhathi ezithile) futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina komthelela.I-Cobalt high-speed steel ingenziwa ibe amathuluzi ahlukahlukene, angasetshenziswa ukusika izinto ezinzima zomshini ngomphumela omuhle.Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kokugaya, ingenziwa ibe amathuluzi ayinkimbinkimbi, asetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni jikelele.Kodwa-ke, i-China ishoda ngezinsiza ze-cobalt, futhi intengo ye-cobalt high-speed steel iyabiza, cishe izikhathi ezingu-5-8 kunensimbi evamile enesivinini esikhulu.
Ngakho-ke, i-China ithuthukise i-aluminium high-speed steel.Amabanga ensimbi ye-aluminium enesivinini esiphezulu yi-W6Mo5Cr4V2Al (ephinde yaziwe ngokuthi yi-501 steel), i-W6Mo5Cr4V5SiNbAl, i-W10Mo4Cr4VAL (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-5F6 steel), njll., kanye ne-aluminium (Al), i-silicon (Si), i-niobium (Nb) izakhi ikakhulukazi wanezela ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni ezishisayo kanye nokugqoka ukumelana.Ifanele izinsiza zaseChina, futhi intengo iphansi.Ubulukhuni bokwelapha ukushisa bungafinyelela ku-68HRC, futhi ubulukhuni bokushisa nabo buhle.Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lwensimbi kulula uku-oxidize kanye ne-decarburize, futhi i-plasticity yayo kanye nokugaya kumpofu kancane, okusadinga ukuthuthukiswa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-24-2023